La Universidad
type: channel
description: The journal “La Universidad”, published by La Universidad de El Salvador, it is an organ multidisciplinary scientific and socio-cultural publication, founded in 1875 under the direction of Dr. Esteban Castro. The creation of this journal responded to La Universidad de El Salvador’s need to disseminate the scientific work of its academic community, as well as that of regional intellectuals and artists, establishing itself as the first editorial publication in the country.
publisher: Universidad de El Salvador. Editorial Universitaria
language: es
publication name: La Universidad
issn: 0041-8242
items: Foundations of Diplomatic Law and Consular Law:
items: Artificial Intelligence and Violation of Women’s Right to Privacy in Virtual Spaces
items: Bodies in Motion:
items: Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Care for Undocumented Migrant Women in Georgia, United States
items: Aporophobic Manifestations in Access to Justice for Women in El Salvador
items: Political Rhetoric Regarding Violence Against Trans Women in El Salvador (2019–2023)
items: Discriminatory remnants in names of married and trans women in El Salvador
items: Presentation
items: director's letter
items: From Research to Public Knowledge:
items: Teacher’s Interest and Convenience of Applying Artificial Intelligence in the Teaching-Learning Process
items: Compliance with the Administrative Procedures Law at UES: University Participation Analysis
items: Validation and pilot testing of tools to measure the integration of mobile phones in extended cognition
items: Notes on Narrative Techniques:
items: Rehabilitation of hemiparesis in areas of prophylactic and therapeutic physical culture
items: “International Standards and Jurisprudential Criteria Applicable to Salvadoran Reproductive Justice: Scientific and Didactic Perspectives”
items: Overcoming metaphysical skepticism in nahuatl philosophy
items: Honduran university students:
items: Microbiological detection of Salmonella spp in markets in the metropolitan area of El Salvador
items: Agri-food Regimes and Structural Dependence in Latin America and the Caribbean:
items: ctions for the direction of the teaching-learning process in Agricultural Production from cooperation
items: Labor informality in the Economically Active Population of the city of Guayaquil:
items: Digital divide between the Indigenous population and the national population in internet use in Paraguay according to population censuses
items: Violence between women in workplaces in Cuernavaca, Morelos
items: Dependency, underdevelopment and multidimensional inequality:
items: he cultural identity of La Coloma as a tool focused on environmental education
items: Digital Teaching Competencies in Graduate Learning at the Latin American University of Science and Technology:

Foundations of Diplomatic Law and Consular Law:
type: item
description: This article analyzes the fourth chapter of the book Fundamentals of Diplomatic and Consular Law: Basic Notions for Understanding the Foreign Service, by Professor Danny Obed Portillo Aguilar, as a starting point to examine sex-gender epistemic justice and its relationship with diplomatic and consular law. From a feminist and intersectional perspective, the study seeks to generate analytical inputs that contribute to reflection and to the visibility of the fundamental role of women in this field of political science and international relations. Likewise, the chapter is approached as an academic text that fosters education, critical inquiry and research on gender dynamics within the contemporary diplomatic sphere.
subject: Reseña sobre el libro
  topic: section
subject: diplomacy
  topic: keywords
subject: gender
  topic: keywords
subject: gender equality
  topic: keywords
subject: international relations
  topic: keywords
subject: role of women
  topic: keywords
creator: Silvia Carolina Colorado Hernández
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 102
ending page: 106

Artificial Intelligence and Violation of Women’s Right to Privacy in Virtual Spaces
type: item
description: This essay study the violence against women in the digital realm. Firstly, I trace the origin of artificial intelligence, which is known as the field of mathematical-logical-computer knowledge that performs tasks that normally should and can be carried out by human intelligence. Secondly, it will be addressed whether the volume and complexities of artificial intelligence represent a risk or threat to the privacy of Salvadoran women in the virtual spaces. Moreover, national-level special laws and international instruments and standards on artificial intelligence will be examined, as the improper use of this technological tool poses significant ethical challenges due to the increase in the violation of women’s rights through the creation and dissemination of intimate and sexual material, which perpetuates gender-based violence on virtual platforms. Finally, despite advancements, new public policies are needed to ensure that the use of artificial intelligence promotes respect, equity, and the protection of women’s rights in the face of emerging forms of digital violence.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: data protection
  topic: keywords
subject: law
  topic: keywords
subject: right to privacy
  topic: keywords
subject: women’s rights
  topic: keywords
creator: Marielos Alejandra Campos Aparicio
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 86
ending page: 101

Bodies in Motion:
type: item
description: Migratory journey through Mexico has become increasingly challenging for migrant women, particularly regarding access to sexual and reproductive health services. Although the Mexican Constitution guarantees the right to health for all individuals within national territory, regardless of nationality or migration status, in practice the lack of migration regularization and administrative barriers—such as the requirement of individual identification documents—significantly restrict access to medical services and the effective exercise of this right. An analysis of migrant women’s experiences reveals how these challenges intensify vulnerability and gender-based violence, leading to growing levels of exclusion and inequality that further compound barriers to basic services. These structural determinants result in insecurity, limited availability of comprehensive care, restricted access to contraceptive methods, mistreatment, and, regrettably, situations of abuse. Likewise, Mexico’s current restrictive migration policy, characterized by the containment of migration flows and the militarization of borders, further hinders migrants’ access to essential services and the full exercise of their rights.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: migrant women
  topic: keywords
subject: migration policies
  topic: keywords
subject: migratory transit
  topic: keywords
subject: sexual and reproductive health
  topic: keywords
subject: social vulnerability
  topic: keywords
creator: Adriana Maritza López Arteaga
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 64
ending page: 85

Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Care for Undocumented Migrant Women in Georgia, United States
type: item
description: This article analyzes female migration from a gender perspective, considering that, in addition to factors such as lack of employment, the pursuit of better living conditions, and family reunification, many women migrate to escape situations of violence and gender inequality in their countries of origin, with the United States being the main destination country. The study examines the conditions faced by undocumented migrant women upon arrival in the host country, including language barriers, socioeconomic inequalities, and discrimination, all of which hinder the full exercise of their rights. In particular, the article focuses on the state of Georgia, one of the regions with the fastest-growing migrant population, which also exhibits significant deficiencies in the availability of hospitals, clinics, and gynecological and maternity health services. Based on documentary research using techniques of review and analysis of documents, reports, studies, research papers, journalistic reports, news, and complaints from official sources and nonprofit organizations, as well as an examination of judicial cases, rulings, and decisions issued by international bodies, the article employs a descriptive and analytical method grounded in international standards to present the current situation and the main challenges faced by undocumented migrant women in accessing sexual and reproductive health services in Georgia, United States of America.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: discrimination
  topic: keywords
subject: human rights
  topic: keywords
subject: informed consent
  topic: keywords
subject: sexual and reproductive health
  topic: keywords
subject: undocumented migrant women
  topic: keywords
creator: Madeline Michelle Madrid Araujo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 53
ending page: 66

Aporophobic Manifestations in Access to Justice for Women in El Salvador
type: item
description: This article analyzes women’s access to justice in El Salvador from an intersectional perspective, considering the structural inequalities and socioeconomic factors that intensify their exclusion within the judicial system. The study examines how aporophobia, understood as discrimination against people living in poverty, particularly affects women in vulnerable situations by limiting their access to legal services, adequate representation, and institutional support. Through the analysis of national cases and a comparison with international standards, the research identifies high legal costs, the lack of specialized legal representation, and the persistence of institutional bias as the main obstacles, reinforcing gender inequality and a culture of impunity. The findings show that these barriers constitute structural obstacles that require priority attention. In this regard, the article underscores the need to implement inclusive, gender-sensitive public policies, promote awareness of aporophobia within the justice system, and advance reforms aimed at ensuring equitable access to justice, in order to protect women from violence, discrimination, and other forms of abuse and to guarantee the full exercise of their human rights in El Salvador.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: access to justice
  topic: keywords
subject: aporophobia
  topic: keywords
subject: discrimination
  topic: keywords
subject: intersectionality
  topic: keywords
subject: social inequality
  topic: keywords
creator: Claudia Patricia Guadalupe Padilla Castaneda
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 40
ending page: 52

Political Rhetoric Regarding Violence Against Trans Women in El Salvador (2019–2023)
type: item
description: This article analyzes how political discourse in El Salvador between 2019 and 2023 influenced social perceptions and violence against trans women. The research examines the country’s historical and cultural context, which has generated significant marginalization of this population despite international advances in human rights. Using a qualitative approach based on interviews with trans women and gender experts, the study highlights the lack of legal and policy tools for protection. Particular attention is given to the dismantling of key institutions, such as the Directorate of Sexual Diversity and the Secretariat of Social Inclusion, actions that intensified the exclusion of the LGBTIQPA+ community. The findings also document the failure to fulfill the Bukele administration’s initial promises and the persistence of institutional violence, exemplified by the case of Paola, who experienced discrimination and harassment by public entities. In conclusion, the analysis demonstrates that current political rhetoric and institutional dismantling have deepened the vulnerability of trans women in El Salvador.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: discrimination against sexual minorities
  topic: keywords
subject: El Salvador
  topic: keywords
subject: hate speech
  topic: keywords
subject: human rights
  topic: keywords
subject: social exclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: violence
  topic: keywords
creator: Juan Manuel Guzmán Alfaro
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 27
ending page: 39

Discriminatory remnants in names of married and trans women in El Salvador
type: item
description: This article analyzes the Law on the Name of the Natural Person in El Salvador, examining how this legislation reflects and perpetuates gender inequalities that significantly affect women, particularly married women and trans women. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the need for a comprehensive and thorough review of the current legal provisions that limit autonomy and the recognition of female identities. The research was conducted using a gender-based and critical approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys and interviews, in order to identify remnants of discrimination within the analyzed legal framework. The results show that the Law on the Name not only reproduces gender stereotypes but also restricts women’s ability to fully exercise their rights. In this regard, the study highlights the urgency of promoting legal reforms aimed at gender equality and the elimination of discriminatory practices, concluding that revising this law is a fundamental step toward advancing a more just and equitable society that protects the rights of all individuals and recognizes and respects the rights of women and diverse gender identities, in line with the principles of equality and human dignity
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: gender equality
  topic: keywords
subject: gender identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Naming Law
  topic: keywords
subject: women’s rights
  topic: keywords
creator: Karen Violeta Aguirre Burgos
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 15
ending page: 26

Presentation
type: item
description: In recent years, the University of El Salvador has been implementing various strategies to mainstream a gender perspective in higher education. The comprehensive training of professionals in diverse fields of knowledge not only provides agents of change for society but also fosters individuals who contribute to a culture of peace in their respective spheres. Upon graduation, these individuals develop critical thinking skills and, through their diverse forms of civic engagement, recognize the structures of inequality present in our societies.
subject: Presentación
  topic: section
creator: Danny Obed Portillo Aguilar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 9
ending page: 14

director's letter
type: item
description: The University of El Salvador was founded on February 16, 1841, a date that coincides with the declaration of the Salvadoran state. Since its establishment, this institution has withstood the country's historical upheavals, remaining the first and only public university, committed to science and culture. Furthermore, its mission addresses the urgent need to transform Salvadoran society through teaching, research, and community outreach. By uniting these three pillars, the University of El Salvador drives its scientific work and output, striving to provide the people with men and women who can renew their understanding of reality and embrace a humanistic approach to knowledge.
subject: Carta del Director
  topic: section
creator: Luis Alonso Alvarez Hernández
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 8
ending page: 8

From Research to Public Knowledge:
type: item
description: This text presents a review of the bacteriological study Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Shigella in El Salvador 2001/2002 (Morán y Achí, 2003), conducted with scientific rigor in the early twenty-first century but, due to the limited availability of national scientific journals at that time, not disseminated through formal academic channels. Its recent inclusion in the institutional repository makes it possible to revisit the study as a starting point for reflecting on the importance of scientific communication as an essential stage of the research process. This review argues that the absence of publication restricts the social and academic impact of knowledge and highlights the role of university journals and open access as key means for preserving, validating, and projecting scientific results. In this sense, the experience of a study that remained unpublished for more than two decades serves as an example that encourages the promotion of a publication culture among researchers and strengthens the visibility of the science produced within Salvadoran universities.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: academic communication
  topic: keywords
subject: antimicrobial resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: open access
  topic: keywords
subject: Shigella
  topic: keywords
subject: scientific publication
  topic: keywords
subject: Salvadoran research
  topic: keywords
subject: university journals
  topic: keywords
creator: Josefa Adilia Morán Lemus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 86
ending page: 101

Teacher’s Interest and Convenience of Applying Artificial Intelligence in the Teaching-Learning Process
type: item
description: This article addresses a very relevant topic in the current educational environment regarding the use of artificial intelligence, better known as AI, in the teaching-learning process in higher education. To this end, the researchers sought to investigate the teachers’ interest in learning how to use it as an educational tool and determine its appropriateness, with the goal of providing strategies for its proper implementation in the training process. This study was carried out through a qualitative approach, cross-sectional non-experimental design, and descriptive scope. The main results demonstrate a willingness and positive attitude among teachers to use artificial intelligence as a support tool. That is to say, there is an open attitude towards change and willingness to employ innovative artificial intelligence technologies that significantly impact the teaching and learning experience. They also highlight the importance of regulating its use and ensuring that students do not lose critical thinking skills. Furthermore, the study reveals that despite the benefits, there is concern among teachers about the use of AI in assessments, as it compromises authentic measurement of student learning to a certain extent.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: educational resources
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: teacher
  topic: keywords
subject: technology
  topic: keywords
creator: Isabel Alejandra Flores de Quintanilla
creator: Yaneth Idalia Martínez Molina
creator: Yanira Claribel Paniagua Ochoa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 73
ending page: 85

Compliance with the Administrative Procedures Law at UES: University Participation Analysis
type: item
description: Introduction: This article examines the implementation of the mechanisms and principles of the Administrative Procedures Law (LPA) at the Universidad de El Salvador (UES) from the perspective of social sciences, public administration, and management, considering its internal structure and its status as an autonomous institution of higher education. Objective: study assesses the responsibilities, competencies, and rights of both the university and the university community, as well as of the population to which it provides its services, are examined. Methodology: Using inductive qualitative methodology and social research techniques—such as interviews and documentary analysis. Results and Discussion: furthermore, the article explores University Legislation and its relationship with said law, particularly in regulating the powers and functions of internal bodies, officials, and public servants.: It also analyzes the role of the university community (students, faculty, administrative staff, and service personnel) in complying with these legal frameworks according to their assigned roles and duties. Conclusions: finally, the discussion and conclusions highlight the importance of having legal instruments such as the regulation under study, which has provided State Institutions with a uniform framework of action for fulfilling their institutional purposes and objectives, aimed at ensuring the democratization, modernization, and protection of the population’s rights—being the case of the UES one that stands in sharp contrast to public opinion.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: administrative procedure
  topic: keywords
subject: public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: public management
  topic: keywords
subject: qualitative research
  topic: keywords
subject: university autonomy
  topic: keywords
creator: Carlos Tadeo Campos Zelaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 55
ending page: 72

Validation and pilot testing of tools to measure the integration of mobile phones in extended cognition
type: item
description: This study focused on the development, validation, and pilot testing of two instruments designed to assess the integration of the cell phone as an extension of cognition in middle school students and teachers in Mexico City. The main objective of this article was to present the development and validation process of these instruments and to analyze the preliminary relationship between cell phone use in the school context, cognitive extension, and academic performance, through the application of the developed tools, within the framework of a broader doctoral research project that evaluates the effect of restricting its use. The methodology employed was quantitative, using self-administered questionnaires validated through expert judgment, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, and Aiken’s V coefficient, which ensured their reliability. Following the pilot test, the results indicated that validation by experts, along with Cronbach’s Alpha and construct coefficients, allowed for important adjustments to the instruments to improve their sufficiency, clarity, coherence, and relevance. It is concluded that the instruments are appropriate and applicable in the secondary education context, providing a valid tool to investigate the use of the cell phone as a cognitive extension, as a pedagogical resource, and its impact on students’ academic performance.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: basic education
  topic: keywords
subject: learning
  topic: keywords
subject: learning process
  topic: keywords
subject: mobile phone
  topic: keywords
subject: questionnaire
  topic: keywords
subject: school performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Luis Fernando Castañeda Fuentes
creator: Karen Fernanda Amezcua Kosterlitz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 36
ending page: 54

Notes on Narrative Techniques:
type: item
description: This text presents a systematic analysis of the essential elements that shape the narrative structure of the short story and the novel from a theoretical and descriptive perspective. Based on a review of classical and contemporary literary sources, this study reflects on the linguistic nature of the character, the role of the narrator, the organization of the plot, and the function of time and context in the construction of the narrative. It also examines the recurrence of archetypes and their relationship with universal symbolic traditions, integrating insights from analytical psychology and formalist studies of narrative discourse. Using examples from world literature, it illustrates the various narrative techniques that sustain the internal dynamics of fiction. Overall, the study contributes to applied literary theory by offering conceptual tools for understanding the art of storytelling and the structural resources that ensure coherence and aesthetic depth in narrative works.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: comparative literature
  topic: keywords
subject: literary archetypes
  topic: keywords
subject: literary characters
  topic: keywords
subject: narrative structure
  topic: keywords
subject: narration
  topic: keywords
creator: Carmen González Huguet
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 9
ending page: 35

director's letter
type: item
description: The University of El Salvador was founded on February 16, 1841, a date that coincides with the declaration of the Salvadoran state. Since its establishment, this institution has withstood the country's historical upheavals, remaining the first and only public university, committed to science and culture. Furthermore, its mission addresses the urgent need to transform Salvadoran society through teaching, research, and community outreach. By uniting these three pillars, the University of El Salvador drives its scientific work and output, striving to provide the people with men and women who can renew their understanding of reality and embrace a humanistic approach to knowledge.
subject: Carta del Director
  topic: section
creator: Luis Alonso Alvarez Hernández
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 8
ending page: 8

Rehabilitation of hemiparesis in areas of prophylactic and therapeutic physical culture
type: item
description: Hemiparesis is defined as muscle weakness or partial paralysis affecting one side of the body, reducing strength in the face, arm, and leg. Objective: this research developed a proposal oftherapeutic physical exercises for the rehabilitation of hemiparesis within the field of Prophylactic and Therapeutic Physical Culture (CFPT). Methodology: A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials and descriptive quantitative/qualitative studies was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, in parallel, for the validation of the proposal, the criteria of specialists in neurorehabilitation and physical rehabilitation were employed. Results and Discussion: The theoretical references analyzed demonstrated the importance of early rehabilitation of hemiparesis. It should be noted that this allowed us to validate and design a rehabilitation program proposal for hemiparesis in accordance with the methodology of Prophylactic and Therapeutic Physical Culture (PTPC), the assessment of the relevance and feasibility of our proposal through expert judgment showed that the evaluative criteria of each program indicator must be modified, which enabled us to develop timely recommendations for the subsequent analysis and applicability of the proposal. Conclusions: Content and program structure identification allowed the creation of therapeutic physical exercises for physical rehabilitation of pediatric hemiparesis patients.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: hemiparesis
  topic: keywords
subject: medical rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: medical treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: therapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Oscar Alberto Martínez Barrera
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 49
ending page: 75

“International Standards and Jurisprudential Criteria Applicable to Salvadoran Reproductive Justice: Scientific and Didactic Perspectives”
type: item
description: This paper presents a review of the text “International Standards and Jurisprudential Criteria Applicable to Salvadoran Reproductive Justice” by Danny Obed Portillo Aguilar. It analyzes the different contexts and legal frameworks (national and international), proposes definitions, explains and demonstrates the scope of various standards regarding reproductive justice, and various jurisprudential criteria. Finally, it puts forward the need for reparation, encompassing both full reparation and guarantees of non-repetition. The text has been formulated in an educational and systematic manner, making it accessible to both specialized and non-specialized readers.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: human rights
  topic: keywords
subject: gender equality
  topic: keywords
subject: jurisprudence
  topic: keywords
subject: human reproduction
  topic: keywords
subject: gender-based violence
  topic: keywords
creator: Nessycka Tatianna Elizabeth Sosa Leiva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 46
ending page: 48

Overcoming metaphysical skepticism in nahuatl philosophy
type: item
description: This work addresses the epistemological problem of knowledge concerning divinity and life after death, from the perspective of Nahuatl philosophy, with the aim of establishing the existence of an advanced epistemological awareness in Nahuatl thought. For this purpose, epistemological categories are confronted with the explicit features of Nahuatl philosophy. First, the evolution of Nahuatl philosophy as interpreted by non-indigenous authors is described, which comes to question its own postulates on transcendence and existence; in other words, it constitutes a critique of its own metaphysics. Second, the inherent characteristics of the internal transformation of Nahuatl philosophy are interpreted, as it departs from its primordial dogmatism while attempting to avoid skepticism. This ultimately implies that this philosophy developed methods and criteria to validate its knowledge, which in turn serves as an indicator of the application of logic in philosophical inquiry. Finally, it is identified that there was a theory of knowledge that transcended naïve realism without falling into metaphysical skepticism, along with a method to overcome it.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: epistemology
  topic: keywords
subject: metaphysics
  topic: keywords
subject: philosophy
  topic: keywords
creator: José Oscar Benjamín Ponce Pérez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 36
ending page: 45

Honduran university students:
type: item
description: in the university setting, reading habits are beneficial for students; however, obstacles and negative perceptions towards reading still persist. Objective: to assess the possibility of establishing a dependent relationship between the various variables related to reading habits and preferences and the categories defined for the student population. Methodology: a cross-sectional descriptive and correlational quantitative study was conducted with a sample of 412 university students. A self-administered questionnaire with 45 questions was used, covering the following variables: sociodemographic profiles, reading habits, reading preferences, effects of reading on academic performance and negative opinions about reading. Results and discussion: although the response counts indicated certain tendencies among the variables, the chi-square tests revealed that the majority of the coefficients obtained did not fall below the critical value for each hypothesis; consequently, the null hypotheses could not be rejected. Conclusions: Some questions showed relationships between variables and categories, such as “I usually read the book in electronic version” and “I usually buy the book I will read” with the age of the students. This suggests that age influences the format of reading and buying books. However, other relationships were isolated and not evident. It is recommended that a complementary data collection instrument be used.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: reading instruction
  topic: keywords
subject: university student
  topic: keywords
subject: reading habit
  topic: keywords
subject: reading
  topic: keywords
creator: Ana Cecilia Romero Flores
creator: Roger Daniel Ponce Rodríguez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 21
ending page: 35

director's letter
type: item
description: The University of El Salvador was founded on February 16, 1841, the date coinciding with the declaration of the Salvadoran State. Since its founding, the university has withstood the country's historical storms, always remaining the first and only public university committed to science and culture. Furthermore, its goals address the urgent need to transform Salvadoran society through teaching, research, and social outreach. By uniting these three pillars, the University of El Salvador promotes its scientific work and production, seeking to provide the people with men and women with a spirit of renewal and a humanistic approach to knowledge.
subject: Carta del Director
  topic: section
creator: Luis Alonso Alvarez Hernández
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 8
ending page: 8

Microbiological detection of Salmonella spp in markets in the metropolitan area of El Salvador
type: item
description: Foodborne diseases (FBDs) are considered a serious public health problem, primarily affecting developing countries where food manufacturing processes are deficient. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that around 600 million people become ill each year from ingesting contaminated food. Children and the elderly are among these vulnerable populations, making it imperative to ensure safe nutrition, a major public health challenge. One of the foods linked to FBDs is chicken, a widely consumed animal-based protein worldwide due to its low cost. Among the microorganisms associated with these diseases is the bacterium Salmonella spp. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. For this study, 50 chicken samples were collected from 25 municipal markets in the metropolitan area of ​​San Salvador and processed using conventional microbiological methods used for the detection of Salmonella spp. Results and discussion: Of the 50 samples analyzed, 16 (32%) tested positive for Salmonella spp by microbiological methods using selective and differential media and confirmed through biochemical tests with API 20E®. Conclusions: The presence of Salmonella spp was confirmed by conventional microbiological methodology in chicken samples, revealing possible failures in food handling processes, which pose a potential risk to consumer health.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: bacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: communicable disease
  topic: keywords
subject: microbiology
  topic: keywords
subject: microorganism
  topic: keywords
subject: protein
  topic: keywords
creator: Diego Irvin Rigoberto Reyes Durán
creator: Amelia Stefhanía Palomo Orellana
creator: Emerson David Pocasangre Aguilero
creator: Kenia Romero Martínez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 9
ending page: 20

Agri-food Regimes and Structural Dependence in Latin America and the Caribbean:
type: item
description: This article examines agri-food regimes in Latin America and the Caribbean from a critical structural perspective, using a mixed-method approach that combines FAOSTAT (2023) data with theoretical review on dependency. Ideal types were constructed to characterize regional models, and the Mexican case was analyzed using SADER data. Findings reveal production concentration, agricultural specialization, and commercial subordination, as well as a structural duality in Mexico. The study concludes that dependency and inequality persist, highlighting the need for more diversified and sustainable models.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: agroindustry
  topic: keywords
subject: dependence
  topic: keywords
subject: food production
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable development
  topic: keywords
subject: trade balance
  topic: keywords
creator: José Luis Saldaña Contreras
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 84
ending page: 105

ctions for the direction of the teaching-learning process in Agricultural Production from cooperation
type: item
description: The Technical Baccalaureate in Agricultural Production in Ecuador has the purpose of incorporating young people into the world of work, for which it has a study plan that contemplates the implementation of knowledge and the connection with environmental problems. In empirical investigations regarding the direction of the teaching-learning process of this career, difficulties are highlighted regarding cooperation in diagnosis, planning, orientation, control and evaluation. Therefore, this research aims to develop a set of actions to direct the teaching-learning process based on cooperation between teachers and students. To form the proposal, an initial analysis was carried out of the ways in which it is indicated to direct the process from curricular planning, its foundations were determined from the Pedagogy and Didactics of Technical and Professional Education, the actions to be carried out by the teacher and the students. During the activities of the teaching-learning process, it was introduced into practice with 20 second-year students of the Major in the Subject “Management and breeding of small animals” and finally the IADOV technique was applied to determine the group satisfaction index. of these. A trend towards a higher level of student satisfaction with the activities of the teaching-learning process could be observed, which tentatively endorses the value of the proposal made.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: community action
  topic: keywords
subject: educational cooperation
  topic: keywords
subject: educational management
  topic: keywords
subject: learning
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching
  topic: keywords
creator: Jonathan Acosta Cervantes
creator: Odette Martínez Pérez
creator: Maikel Carnero Sánchez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 67
ending page: 83

Labor informality in the Economically Active Population of the city of Guayaquil:
type: item
description: Labor informality is a structural problem in the city of Guayaquil caused mainly by the difficult economic situation of the country, the lack of opportunities offered by the labor market, the lack of experience of young applicants, among others. Informal work, although it can be a great alternative for the present, can generate negative effects in the medium term for the worker and their safety, which is why it is important to control and regulate compliance with labor laws. The objective was to analyze labor informality in the Active Economic Population of the city of Guayaquil: Dimensions, causes and consequences. The research was carried out with a descriptive scope and mixed approach. The selected sample was 385 workers belonging to the economically active population and 5 tax experts, who provided the information to carry out the research. The results show that the causes of informality are the difficulty of finding employment due to experience and education, as well as the poverty that the country experiences, among the consequences is non-compliance with labor laws for the worker and tax evasion.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: economy system
  topic: keywords
subject: informal sector
  topic: keywords
subject: population
  topic: keywords
subject: taxation
  topic: keywords
subject: work
  topic: keywords
creator: Viviana Valentina Vélez Vásquez
creator: Jessica Paola Quispillo Sumba
creator: Ercilia María Franco Cedeño
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 48
ending page: 66

Digital divide between the Indigenous population and the national population in internet use in Paraguay according to population censuses
type: item
description: The research highlights the existing digital divide between the indigenous population and the Paraguayan national population regarding internet use and the reasons for its use, primarily for educational purposes. Using a quantitative approach, with a descriptive scope and a non-experimental cross-sectional design, data from the 2017 Permanent Household Survey, the 2012 and 2022 National Census of Population and Housing for Indigenous Peoples, and the 2022 National Census of Population and Housing were analyzed. The results show an improvement from 2012 to 2022 in internet access among indigenous peoples; however, a digital divide persists with the national population, particularly concerning internet use with an emphasis on educational purposes. This imbalance considerably limits the development opportunities for indigenous communities in today’s digital society and confirms the inequality they face compared to the non-indigenous population.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: divide
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: Indigenous population
  topic: keywords
subject: internet
  topic: keywords
subject: social inequality
  topic: keywords
creator: María De las Nieves Montiel Domínguez
creator: Roberto Fonseca Feris
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 30
ending page: 47

Violence between women in workplaces in Cuernavaca, Morelos
type: item
description: gender violence is a problem that has permeated all social areas, including the workplace. This type of violence does not exclude women as perpetrators, hence the importance of addressing it in work environments, since it tends to be normalized and unnoticed. Objective: identify if there is violence committed by women against women in workplaces in Cuernavaca, Morelos to provide useful information for the design of public policies aimed at preventing this type of violence. Methodology: a mixed type of research was used; correlational scope aimed at identifying relationships between indicators of violence between women and its prevalence in the workplace; for which 18 items were taken from the LIPT-60 Instrument and applied to a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 36 women who worked in several workgrounds and company sizes in Cuernavaca, Morelos. Results and Discussion: 86 % of the sample reported having suffered workplace violence from female bosses or co-workers; large/ transnational companies, and the health and beauty sector showing higher prevalence. Conclusions: the presence of different types of aggressive behavior carried out by women against women was found in the work environments of Cuernavaca, Morelos, which points to the need to address this type of violence from the design of public policies and information campaigns to its visibility and eradication.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: gender violence
  topic: keywords
subject: harassment
  topic: keywords
subject: labor relations
  topic: keywords
subject: violence
  topic: keywords
subject: work environment
  topic: keywords
creator: Oksana Betsabe Heuer Ruiz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-04
publication date: 2025-07-04
starting page: 9
ending page: 29

director's letter
type: item
description: La Universidad de El Salvador fue fundada el 16 de febrero de 1841, fecha que coincide con la declaración del Estado salvadoreño. Desde su constitución, el alma mater ha resistido los vendavales históricos del país, manteniéndose siempre como la primera y única universidad pública, comprometida con la ciencia y la cultura. Además, sus fines atienden a la urgencia de transformar a la sociedad salvadoreña por medio de la docencia, la investigación y la proyección social. Al unir estos tres ejes, la Universidad de El Salvador impulsa su quehacer y producción científica, en aras de entregar al pueblo hombres y mujeres con un espíritu renovador de su realidad y un enfoque humanista del conocimiento.
subject: Carta del Director
  topic: section
creator: Luis Alonso Alvarez Hernández
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 8
ending page: 8

Dependency, underdevelopment and multidimensional inequality:
type: item
description: This study aims to expose the relationship between dependency, underdevelopment, and multidimensional inequality in Latin America through the analysis of dependency theory. For this purpose, a review was made of different authors, who quantitatively exposed fieldwork data and other research that reflect how inequality is a problem that goes beyond the dimension of economic income and becomes a problem of access and respect for the fundamental rights of human dignity. Among the most important findings of this research is the recognition that inequality is a transgenerational problem where the pattern of poverty and upward social mobility has been transmitted from parents to children for decades, making it a structural problem in Latin American society.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: dependency
  topic: keywords
subject: human rights
  topic: keywords
subject: poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: social inequality
  topic: keywords
creator: José Moisés Alfaro Alvarado
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-01
publication date: 2025-04-01
starting page: 115
ending page: 124

he cultural identity of La Coloma as a tool focused on environmental education
type: item
description: The following is a qualitative study conducted in La Coloma, Pinar del Río, Cuba. The main objective is to contribute to the environmental education of this vulnerable coastal community, based on its identity traits related to the environment. To achieve this, we will focus on two specific objectives: first, to identify these aspects, and second, to guide them in a functional and practical way towards environmental education. The methods used are based on the documentary analysis of previous diagnostic results related to the field of study, summarized in its main environmental issues and cultural heritage; supported by theoretical systematization through the collection, interpretation, and synthesis of the main concepts and theories addressed regarding cultural identity and environmental education; complemented by participant observation, used to corroborate criteria. Through these methods, certain elements were identified such as the conservation of local habitats and species, the intergenerational transmission of environmental knowledge and collective memory, incorporation of environmental values in expressions such as music, sustainable use of natural resources, knowledge and respect for environmental regulations, clothing as a cultural symbol, and sculptural elements; and it was proposed to guide each of these aspects practically towards possible educational actions. The proposal provides residents of this area with a framework that allows them to better understand their potentialities, based on their common characteristics, which contribute to educational development on the care and preservation of the environment.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: coastal zone
  topic: keywords
subject: community
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural identity
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental education
  topic: keywords
subject: natural resources
  topic: keywords
creator: Edislier Verdecia Gómez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-01
publication date: 2025-04-01
starting page: 97
ending page: 114

Digital Teaching Competencies in Graduate Learning at the Latin American University of Science and Technology:
type: item
description: The training of teachers in digital competencies and their application in the learning process are essential for the adequate preparation of future professionals in an increasingly digitalized and globalized labor market. The objective of this article was to analyze the perceptions and experiences about digital competencies of teachers who teach courses in the Master of Curriculum and University Teaching and in the Master of Psychopedagogy, at the Latin American University of Science and Technology, exploring the relationship between digital competencies and their application in higher education during the second quarter of the year 2022. With a qualitative methodological design and a descriptive approach, the study used a perception questionnaire to inquire about teachers’ digital teaching competencies. The results obtained showed how they defined digital competencies and their application in higher education. These perceptions underscored the importance of integrating digital technologies into the educational environment, using varied approaches and strategies that would enhance learning and digital interaction in the classroom. Finally, this study highlighted the importance of integrating teachers’ digital competencies in the learning process, updating and diversifying technological training courses in higher education. In addition, emphasis was placed on the creation of spaces that would allow teachers to apply and develop their technological skills to face the challenges of a constantly evolving digital environment.
subject: Artículo
  topic: section
subject: online learning
  topic: keywords
subject: teacher competencies
  topic: keywords
subject: teacher training
  topic: keywords
subject: training
  topic: keywords
subject: updating knowledge
  topic: keywords
creator: Kendal Antonio Ruiz-Benavides
creator: Giselle Angélica Ñurinda-Montoya
creator: Gabriela María Gutiérrez-López
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors who publish in Revista La Universidad agree to the following terms: Authors continue as owners of their works, non-exclusively assigning dissemination rights to La Universidad Journal under the standards of the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. This license allows the use of a work to create another work or content, modifying or not the original work, as long as the author is cited, the resulting work is shared under the same type of license and has no commercial purposes(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-01
publication date: 2025-04-01
starting page: 79
ending page: 96