Revista Multidisciplinaria de Investigación
REMI es una revista de Acceso Abierto, semestral, gratuita, revisada por pares evaluadores, que acepta de forma continua manuscritos de carácter multidisciplinario, sin costo de publicación para los autores.
Universidad de El Salvador. Facultad Multidisciplinaria de Occidente
The eyes are the mirror of Biology, emotions and the social
Introduction: Metaphorically speaking, it is often said that “the eyes are the mirror of the soul”; here, it is argued that the eyes reflect biology, society, and emotions, among many other things, no doubt. It should be noted that this metaphor is used solely for explanatory purposes, but the study is designed as a systematization of the topic based on existing theory. Objective: The objective of this research is to describe some approaches to vision ranging from conventional medicine to complementary health. In this regard, the aim is to provide an overview of the role of nature and culture, biology, and society. Method: A bibliographic method was used, whereby, following the collection of the literature, the approaches addressing eye-related issues are analyzed and explained. Results: As a finding, it can be said that these considerations represent different yet complementary approaches to certain aspects of existing healthcare; therefore, it would be beneficial to take them into account with the aim of integrating them to improve the eyesight and vision of the population. Conclusion: Given the diverse perspectives examined here, there are various variations and some contradictions, although these approaches can often complement one another. This is true not only because of the topic addressed here, but precisely because that is where theproblem lies: in reductionist, mechanistic, orthodox, and hegemonic perspectives thatignore or discredit alternative methods with a long history.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
From the Classroom to the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: The Impact of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Education at Francisco Gavidia University
Introduction: This study analyzes several key elements: research on entrepreneurship at certain institutions of higher education, policies and programs designed to support entrepreneurship in El Salvador, and, in greater depth, the academic curriculum of the Entrepreneurship and Innovation course at UFG. Method: This research study employs a quantitative and descriptive approach. Data were collected through structured interviews with faculty members teaching the Entrepreneurship and Innovation course during the 2025-1 semester. Results: The results of the analysis allow for the formulation of a series of recommendations aimed at fostering the development of innovative or disruptive ventures among the student population. Conclusions: Entrepreneurship, as such, is structured through academic standardization, with set schedules and timelines, as well as specific content or topics to be covered, which may, to some extent, limit the individual potential of the aspiring entrepreneur.
Identification of Bee and Wasp Species at the Multidisciplinary Faculty of the West, University of El Salvador
Introduction: Academic and administrative activities began on the campus of the Multidisciplinary Faculty of the West (FMOcc) in 1966. Bees and wasps have inhabited the campus long before it became a place of study, where they have found what they need to survive, and today they face the risk not only of being displaced from their habitat but also of facing extinction, primarily due to climate change. Objective: To identify the species of bees and wasps at the Multidisciplinary Faculty of the West, University of El Salvador. Method: Non-experimental, observational. This is an exploratory study; observations of bees and wasps were made while they were actively searching for food sources to identify the species present, without determining their distribution and abundance. Results: The identified bees and wasps are listed, along with their observed morphological descriptions, feeding habits, nesting, and behaviors. These results were compared with the Picture Insect database, the iNaturalist platform, and academic literature to determine which of the species suggested by the app was the most similar. Additionally, a comparison and visual inspection of the photographic records were conducted to verify that it was indeed the suggested species, thereby finally classifying the observed specimens.
Evaluation of the potential water recharge of the lower basin of the Paz River, Ahuachapán, El Salvador
Introduction: A soil water balance is a type of study whose methodology allows for the evaluation of the components of the hydrological cycle in order to determine how water storage in the subsurface varies over time and across the watershed of interest. Objective: To evaluate the potential water recharge of the lower Paz River basin, as well as to develop a conceptual groundwater model to understand the dynamics and direction of aquifer flow. Method: The potential water recharge obtained through the methodology was calculated at 441 mm/year, implying a flow rate infiltrating the basin’s soil of 23,347,972.6 m³/year. Land-use changes in recent years have altered the area’s groundwater recharge capacity, reducing it by 8% (≈ 2 million cubic meters per year). Results: The conceptual model shows that the aquifer in the study area has a natural flow direction and groundwater discharge predominantly toward the sea, while recharge occurs in the mountainous area located to the north of the basin. Conclusion: The lower Paz River basin exhibits a significant decrease in its groundwater recharge capacity due to land-use changes, primarily the expansion of sugarcane cultivation. The areas with the greatest infiltration potential are pastures and basic grain crops. The study concludes that it is necessary to implement comprehensive strategies for the management and protection of water resources.
Popular participation in local development projects in cuba
Introduction: This study analyzes community, local development, and community work, with an emphasis on public participation and its importance for self-development, comprehensive management, and government involvement in these areas. It reveals the need for purposeful work in various contexts and fields of study. Objective: The thematic approach of this article seeks to demonstrate the necessity and importance of popular participation in local development projects in Cuba, from its multiple dimensions. Method: It was necessary to employ theoretical and empirical methods that would allow for a deeper exploration of the subject of study, its processing, and the necessary inferences in the analyses conducted. Conclusions: The concept of popular participation was originally linked essentially to the direct involvement of citizens in public affairs. As society evolved, the nature of participation changed and was refined through Integrated Community Work, with a legal foundation.
Educational Models in Response to Diversity
Introduction: This paper explores the historical evolution of support for diversity in the Spanish education system, from traditional approaches to more inclusive models. It highlights how educational regulations have evolved to address the needs of students with different abilities and characteristics. A key aspect is the emergence of various schooling modalities, such as integration into regular classrooms with specific supports, the creation of specialized classrooms within regular schools, and schooling in specialized special education centers. Objective: To describe the schooling modalities in the context of addressing diversity and the different types of schooling for students with ASD comorbid with ADHD. Method: This qualitative study with a descriptive approach was conducted based on a literature review, through which the regulatory changes affecting the support for diversity—and more specifically, the different schooling modalities—were analyzed. Conclusion: In general terms, the regulatory framework of the Spanish education system has, over the years, addressed the needs of diverse students, albeit from different perspectives and through various interpretations, developing the measures deemed most appropriate in each case.
Challenges in Teaching Scientific Writing: A Necessary Reflection
This paper examines the main challenges facing the teaching of academic writing, particularly at the higher education level. It argues that academic writing involves not only writing correctly, but also generating and communicating knowledge in accordance with the academic and ethical standards established by best research practices. Among the main difficulties identified are the lack of systematic training in scientific writing, unfamiliarity with academic structures and citation styles, as well as the limited importance given to the role of elements such as titles, abstracts, and keywords. Furthermore, it emphasizes that teaching scientific writing requires clear objectives and comprehensive training that combines grammatical, methodological, and conceptual skills. Drawing on theoretical contributions such as those of Daniel Cassany, the text underscores that while a great deal is written in universities, little is taught about writing in a reflective manner oriented toward knowledge production. Finally, it highlights the need to create training opportunities and institutional strategies that strengthen the capacities of students and faculty for scientific production.
REVIEW. NATASCHA STROBL. THE NEW RIGHT. AN ANALYSIS OF RADICALIZED CONSERVATISM. KATZ EDITORES, 2022
The publication of the text comes at a time when the return of conservative right-wing and far-right governments seems to be setting a trend, as a result of the emergence of various crises, according to Strobl. The rise of such governments in some parts of the world threatens democracies under construction and has led to attempts to establish authoritarian governments, some of them fascist in nature, such as those of Trump in the United States, Sebastian Kurz in Austria, and, one might add, Bolsonaro in Brazil and Macri in Argentina, and currently the governments of Bukele in El Salvador and Milei in Argentina.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Artículo de Revisión: ESTILO DE CRIANZA, TIPO DE APEGO Y DESARROLLO DE LA PERSONALIDAD DE LAS NIÑAS Y NIÑOS
Introduction:Parenting styles and attachment types are two key concepts in child development. Parenting style refers to the way in which parents or caregivers interact with their children, while attachment type refers to the emotional bond that forms between a child and their primary caregivers. Together, these factors shape the foundation of the parent–child relationship. Objective: The aim of this review was to analyze how parenting styles and attachment types influence the personality development of girls and boys. Method: The selection criteria included collecting research articles, reviews, and empirical studies published in scientific journals from 2005 to the present. Only studies that directly address the relationship between parenting styles, attachment, and personality development were included. Sources that were not peer-reviewed, popular articles, and studies not focused on the child population were excluded. Results: The family is a significant protective factor during early childhood, fostering the development of values and the establishment of rules. Depending on the quality of the bond, opportunities arise that promote the construction of individual experiences. Each family is unique and develops its own dynamics based on the limits and rules it sets, in line with its beliefs and culture, which distinguish it from others. Functional and integrated families were predominant in this study, reflecting effective communication among members, emotional support, and resilience in the face of challenges. The family is the foundational pillar for the comprehensive growth and development of children. Conclusions: Personality development is a complex process influenced by multiple factors, including genetics, environment, and personal experiences. Parenting style and the type of attachment formed between parents and children are two fundamental elements that play a crucial role in this developmental process.
HIERARCHIES AND ROLES IN THE ETHNICITY-NATION DICHOTOMY IN THE WORK EL JETÓN Y OTROS CUENTOS BY ARTURO AMBROGI
Introduction: This study focuses on the historical period between the coffee republic and the Salvadoran dictatorship. During this period, the Creole elites, and literature in particular through literary costumbrismo, provide important elements for this analysis. Objective: Based on the reading and interpretation of Arturo Ambrogi's El jetón y otros cuentos, written and published at the juncture of the 1929 crisis and the rise of the martinato, to characterize how ethnic hierarchies are consolidated from the narrative under the concept of nation as an imagined community. Method: The method used was hermeneutic analysis with a qualitative approach, which helped to understand the meaning that Ambrogi assigns to the characters in his stories under the dichotomous concept of Ethnicity-Nation. Conclusion: The concept of nation as an imagined community in the characters of the stories “El Jetón” is consistent with their ethnic origin. The concept of ethnicity is key to understanding the roles assigned within Arturo Ambrogi's stories. The Salvadoran nation of the 1930s, from Ambrogi's perspective, is rural and agrarian.
THEORETICAL-METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE USE OF THE VIRTUAL HEALTH CLASSROOM BY IMAGING TEACHER
Faculty members in Radiology, a medical specialty focused on diagnosis through medical imaging, have found it necessary to incorporate digital tools that support a training process aligned with scientific and technological advances—such as the use of virtual classrooms. These are considered spaces or environments created with the intention of enabling learning experiences through educational resources and materials, under the supervision and interaction of a teacher. Objective: This article aims to analyze various perspectives on the theoretical and methodological foundations for the use of the Virtual Health Classroom by radiology instructors. Method: Based on a literature review on the subject, concepts and principles are systematized that demonstrate the epistemological significance within the framework of scientific research. Results: By examining the main theoretical foundations, the study highlights the need to shift from a traditional teaching model toward one where educators recognize the relevance of medical reality in society. This shift allows for a meaningful engagement with the content offered by the Virtual Classroom (VC) as part of scientific and technological progress. The conclusion drawn emphasizes the importance of establishing an operational and functional approach that transforms the educational reality and the role of the VC, whose use is often minimized to a mere extension of in-person activities. There is a clear need to define a path that promotes its effective use in accordance with current social demands.
DIETARY CONDITIONS AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS OF ADOLESCENTS IN THE CANTON SAN JERÓNIMO, LOS PLANES, SAN SALVADOR
Introduction: This article systematizes the results of exploratory research conducted between July and November 2024 on the dietary conditions of adolescents in the San Jerónimo Canton, Los Planes, San Salvador Volcano, by students in the Master's program in Social Research Methods and Techniques. The study was based on a working hypothesis that young people living in this canton do not eat adequately in terms of either quality or quantity and that this influences their social dynamics. Objective: The purpose of this research is to explore the dietary conditions of adolescents attending the Educational Complex located in the San Jerónimo Canton, Los Planes, Nejapa district, San Salvador, and how these conditions are associated with their behavior, social relationships, and school performance. Method: Data collection instruments were designed and applied through fieldwork in the area. Results: These data reasonably support the hypothesis proposed. Furthermore, as this study is an initial exploration of a complex social phenomenon, it sets the stage for further research using this design, either in the same area or in other areas of the country. Conclusions: With regard to the eating habits of young people, it is important to note that the eating patterns reflected in the community largely coincide with those expressed by adolescents. Similarly, this poor dietary situation could be related to the observations of teachers, who report that young people show low levels of concentration and motivation in class.
SEISMIC MICROZONATION USING THE NAKAMURA METHOD FOR THE EL PALMAR NEIGHBORHOOD IN THE DEPARTMENT OF SANTA ANA
Introduction: The subsurface consists of a wide variety of geological materials and structures, each with distinct physical and mechanical characteristics-such as color, texture, density, and porosity. The mechanical properties are critically important in engineering because they determine how a given location (i.e., a geographically defined section of soil) will behave during an earthquake-whether seismic waves will be amplified or attenuated. Ground motion isn’t uniform across all sites; it varies depending on the properties mentioned above. The seismic amplification of a site is a phenomenon that can arise from variations in the materials that make up the subsurface. Objective: The study was conducted at each of the measurement points to identify the predominant periods at all 24 sites, and then to create a map displaying these dominant periods—enabling a better characterization of soil behavior at the different locations. Method: The spectral ratio H/V method, also known as Nakamura’s method, is one of the most widely used techniques for detecting changes in subsurface period and amplitude. This approach analyzes ambient seismic noise—small, naturally occurring vibrations generated by wind, ocean waves, and human activity—using seismometers or accelerometers. Results: In Figure 9, periods shorter than 4.5 seconds are shown in blue, while periods between 4.5 and 1 second are shown in green to red. The color red represents the longest periods, which are therefore the areas with the longest frequencies, meaning greater amplitude.
IMPACTS ASSESSMENT ON THE WATER RESOURCES OF THE EL MOLINO RIVER MICROWATERSHED: POTENTIAL RECHARGE, LAND USE, URBAN POLLUTION, SUPPLY AND WATER QUALITY PERCEPTION
Introduction: The El Molino River micro-basin in the department of Santa Ana, El Salvador, suffers from water resource pollution, according to previous studies and field observations. Although potentially polluting sources and activities have been identified, the lack of an official inventory of these sources exacerbates the situation. Objective: The objective of this research was to determine the impact of urbanization and agriculture on the potential recharge of the El Molino River micro-basin in Santa Ana, El Salvador, until the year 2023. To this end, the potential water recharge was determined using Schosinsky's methodology. an analysis of land use was carried out using geographic information systems and field reconnaissance; interviews were also conducted with residents living around the El Molino River to learn about their perceptions of water resources; in addition, hydraulic tests were performed on various soil types and a detailed inventory of recognized potential sources of pollution was compiled. Method: A calculation of the potential aquifer recharge is carried out using a method based on soil water balance, proposed by Schosinsky (2006). This process is performed using a spreadsheet called BHS_Schosinsky and was applied to the El Molino River micro-basin. Several fundamental parameters are considered for this calculation, including land use, root depth, infiltration rate, terrain slope range, soil texture, and precipitation and evapotranspiration data from nearby rain gauge stations. Results: Fourteen potential point sources of pollution were identified, as well as large areas where there are potential sources of diffuse pollution. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a certain population that is adversely affected in terms of water supply and quality. Urban waste was identified as the main source of water resource pollution, as were the agrochemicals used in coffee cultivation in the area identified as the largest recharge zone of the micro-watershed.
METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE READING COMPREHENSION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN STUDENTS AT THE PSYCHOPEDAGOGICAL AND RESEARCH CENTER IN HIGHER EDUCATION CEPIES-UMSA 2023
Introduction: Within the learning of the English language, four linguistic skills are understood: Listening, Reading, Speaking and Writing. Skills that every student and comprehensively recognizes from the beginning of their language training. However, there are situations in which students of the English language, during their training, cannot produce the language either orally or in writing. Generally, this phenomenon occurs when the reader of this L2 is forced to pass from the initial phase of "learning to read a foreign language" to the phase of "reading to learn" in a precipitous manner. Objective: In order to improve these shortcomings, this research paper proposes the implementation of the MARSI Metacognitive Strategies inventory developed by Mokhtari and Reichard. To improve the level of reading comprehension, through global reading strategies, problem solving strategies, and reading support strategies. This entire process will demonstrate the importance of reading comprehension in English since it resides in the fact that students can understand what they read, know what is asked of them, and thus act accordingly. Method: For all of the above, this article is supported by a methodology with an experimental and quantitative design, of an explanatory-correlational nature, and in turn, developed through the hypothetical deductive method and analysis-synthesis; with a non-probabilistic sample of 76 participants of the CEPIES English course for researchers divided into two groups (experimental and control). Conclusion: In this way, the aim is to show that the implementation of these strategies positively influence reading skills (Comprensión lectora) and thus expand the production of this foreign language.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES IN THE REMI JOURNAL
The multidisciplinary research journal is pleased to present volume 1, issue 1, corresponding to the year 2025. This issue is of utmost importance as it represents the efforts of the editorial group of the Multidisciplinary Faculty of the West, as well as the members of the international scientific committee in continuing the work of scientific publication. This issue highlights the multidisciplinary nature of the journal, including studies on soil, micro-basins, literature and national reality, language teaching strategies, and discussions on the current challenges facing higher education in the digital age. From different areas of research, the authors make contributions that help explain problems specific to their disciplines of study. Below are some notes on the works in question.
Multidisciplinarity, Education, Geophysics, Psychology, Literature
THE CURRICULUM, AN EDUCATIONAL REFLECTION FROM TEACHING MODELS
This review article corresponds to an educational reflection on teaching models through an analysis of the curriculum in its different perspectives. In order to carry out this reflection, three dimensions have been considered; the first one establishes a conceptualization of what is understood by curriculum. The second corresponds to the social demands centered on the student so that he/she can have a curricular formation from the current context, from his/her needs and from the competencies that society establishes, and finally, an explanation of the different curricular approaches from the perspective of some authors such. Objective: To reflect on the task of educational grammar as part of the social demands through the application of a situated education. Method: For the elaboration of this work, a bibliographical verification was made in conjunction with the hermeneutic analysis, from which the most important concepts for this reflection are analyzed. Conclusion: The reality of educational practice through a curriculum is above all a reality that must be built day by day. Existing theories take shape in a given context, therefore, teaching planning is dynamic, changing, depending on the pedagogical model and the educational social reality to which it is attached. The teaching practice, aimed at strengthening the curriculum, is a dynamic and changing one, depending on the pedagogical model and the educational social reality to which it is attached.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND SUSTAINABLE WATER USE IN ARID REGIONS: A BIBLIOMETRIC AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Introduction: Human activities such as deforestation and industrialization have caused significant environmental degradation, contributing to global warming and the intensification of extreme weather events. Objective: The main objective was to elaborate a synthesis of previous scientific literature on environmental education to promote sustainable water use in arid regions, evaluating the effectiveness and impact on the awareness and behavior of communities regarding water use. Method: As part of the methodology, a search equation was performed in the Scopus and ScienceDirect databases, evaluated with respect to the relevance of the articles, from 1989 to the present. These studies were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria aligned with the research. A total of 217 articles were selected in Scopus for bibliometric analysis and analyzed with VOSViewer and Bibliometrics. For the systematic review, after elimination of duplicates, 32 articles were selected from Scopus and ScienceDirect, exploring research trends, co-authorships, and conceptual structure in the field. Conclusions: The study allows establishing that most of the research, although focused on environmental education for environmental protection and sustainable development, there are few studies referring exclusively to the importance of environmental education in the sustainable use of water, being important to emphasize these environmental principles, especially in arid regions, which suffer stress due to water scarcity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yvonne Cutipa, Delia Mamani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
LOCAL IDENTITY AND HISTORIC VALUE AS A STRATEGY FOR ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION IN THE HISTORIC CENTER OF SANTA ANA
Introduction: This article is the result of the research conducted in the historic center of Santa Ana, taking as sample population the merchants of the place. The objective was to know part of the reality of the territory in relation to the presence of local identity and the historical value expressed in the commercial practices of the merchants as a differentiating element to highlight and dynamize local consumption in order to differentiate from other regions. Method: The method applied was the phenomenological-analytical one, so that the opinions of the population and the sample on the problem posed could be known, with the purpose of finding and transforming the reality that generates the phenomenon to be studied. Results: a situation of local and historical identity was found that has not been exploited to promote the local economy nor is there a clear strategy on the positioning of the historical heritage of Downtown Santa Ana, to attract local and regional tourism, since it has not been possible to articulate a strategy linked to the city and its identity as such. Conclusions: Informal merchants agree that local identity, can be a factor that helps to improve the conditions of attractiveness of the historic center, as a strategy to attract opportunities for social welfare and economic well-being for all stakeholders.
Eber Wilfredo Eber Wilfredo Caballero Pastul
CRITICAL HISTORY OF SALVADORAN TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Introduction: This article refers to technical education in El Salvador. In this sense, it describes how formal technical education was born and its situation in the context of educational reforms. Objective: The objective of this research is to describe the state of technical education in the national educational system and to try to establish a link between the emblematic programs and the neoliberal modernization projects and finally, how they pause their development in financial exhaustion. Method: In order to carry out this research, a search of bibliographic sources has been made from which the most relevant data are collected according to the research objectives. Conclusion: Technical education in El Salvador is a system that is part of the educational system, which means that it has an institutional framework that has evolved from a very simple structure to a complexity of high school and university education units. It is also part of a network of international conventions that promote its development and progress.
Copyright (c) 2025 Roberto Gutiérrez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE DANCE OF THE CHAPETONES IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF PANCHIMALCO
Introduction: The article addresses the cultural manifestation of dance, examining its historical aspects, diverse references, musical and rhythmic evolution. The importance of dance as a means of satire and social criticism is highlighted, as well as its relevance in the construction of local identity. Objective: The main objective is to investigate the possible origins of dance in relation to the Spanish occupation in El Salvador, analyzing aspects such as music, melodies, rhythms, structures, steps and choreographic movements, in order to understand the cultural and historical influences that shape the social and symbolic meaning of dance. Method: The study is based on a detailed analysis of the musical and choreographic components of dance, exploring its historical and cultural influences. Melodies, rhythms and structures, as well as specific steps and movements are examined to identify their evolution and origin. Result: The research underlines the importance of studying the music associated with traditional dance, highlighting its possible educational and artistic implications. It is concluded that such a study can enrich educational programs, contribute to cultural preservation, strengthen community identity and promote the appreciation of cultural and musical diversity. In addition, the possibility of this research inspiring contemporary artistic creation and musical fusions is highlighted.
FLIPPED CLASSROOM AS A STRATEGY TO IMPROVE COGNITIVE SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES IN STUDENTS
Abstrac Introduction: The inverted classroom is a pedagogical model created by Bergmann and Sams (2012), which consists of inverting the two moments involved in traditional education: the first moment includes classroom activities such as teacher presentations and the second is linked to the realization of activities outside the classroom. In the inverted classroom, the tasks or projects are concretized in the classroom and the thematic contents are learned outside the school (Huantes, 2018). The problem is: How does the inverted classroom influence the improvement of cognitive skills and competencies of students in the subject of methodology and research techniques in the second year of the communication career of the Technical University of Oruro? Objective: To determine the influence of the inverted classroom as a didactic strategy in the improvement of the cognitive skills and competences of the students of the subject Methodology and Research Techniques of the second year of the communication career of the Technical University of Oruro. Method: The methodology used was mixed, the theoretical methods were analysis, synthesis and the empirical method was observation, the techniques used were student surveys and teacher interviews. The population consisted of 180 students and 3 teachers. Results: The results showed that the inverted classroom significantly favors the improvement of cognitive skills and competences. On the other hand, it has been identified that the production of any material focused on the development of the inverted classroom allows rationalizing and consolidating the improvement of cognitive skills and competences, stimulating and reinforcing the students' learning goal in an autonomous and effective way. Conclusion: All the above allows the student to reflect, analyze and deepen their knowledge, improving the development of their skills and competencies, in addition to improving the quality of teaching and learning processes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ruiter Álvaro Murillo Guzmán https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
NOTES ON THE WRITING OF SCIENTIFIC TEXTS
The writing of scientific texts is an activity of central importance in universities. This centrality exists due to the demand for scientific knowledge in society. However, the reflection on some topics related to scientific production is often concluded by considering that manuals or protocols already contemplate everything that a university student or professor should know about the writing and research process. This reliance on manuals or protocols gives way to ignoring that progress in the different fields of study offers researchers new terminologies and that the delimitation or extension of concepts is constant. For this reason, the following paragraphs present some ideas related to scientific writing processes and a final mention of the texts that make up the current issue of the journal REMI volume 3 number 2, in order to propose a contribution to this discussion.
THE ART OF READING. 10 THESES ON EDUCATION AND READING, BY GREGORIO LURI
This document gathers the most important ideas of a book that was elaborated from a lecture given by Gregorio Luri, whose central theme is literacy. It presents ten theses that are supported by data, so that the reader can reflect on the process of literacy in educational spaces (schools, universities and curricular planning institutions). In addition, in Luri's book there are suggestions of activities that can be carried out in the family to promote the reading habit.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
DEMOCRACY IN 30 LESSONS BY GIOVANNI SARTORI (2009)
Giovanni Sartori is one of the most prolific thinkers in the field of political science, to which he has made numerous epistemological contributions on scientific work and the construction of new theories in terms of politics. With methodological rigor, Sartori exposes models of analysis of the political fact within the social framework, thus creating new routes for contemporary academic debate. The aim of this review is to carry out a critical analysis of the work, considering both its organization and its content. The current relevance of Sartori's book and its impact on political science and civic education will be explored.
THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER, A SOCIAL CHALLENGE IN EL SALVADOR
Introduction: For decades there has been discussion about recognizing water as a human right, which is undoubtedly a necessary, fundamental and dignifying act for the life of each person, on the understanding that water belongs to everyone and is for everyone; but in reality this fact becomes a utopia, since inequality in obtaining, quality and accessibility prevails to a great extent, and the unhealthiness of this vital resource continues to put human health at risk. Objective: To establish the panorama of what is happening in El Salvador with respect to the right to water, for which this article presents some emblematic cases that in turn become challenges that the country faces and that must be overcome in order to guarantee this right.Method: the documentary or bibliographic technique has been used for this article, in which cases have been found that have required a systematic analysis for their presentation in this article, which means that a process of search, reading, review and comparison of various sources has been generated. Results: According to the sources that were traced, industrial activities and poorly managed urban development projects generate large amounts of contaminants that return to the aquifers because they are released into surface waters. In addition, a considerable part of the population in the urban area is supplied with water through their own pipes inside their homes; however, the factor of poverty and therefore the lack of economic resources affects this form of supply, meaning that not all people have this service, since it requires a connection cost and a monthly payment for supply, even if the service is limited to a few days or hours during the month.
Erika Yamilet del Carmen Jiménez de Asencio
RETURNING MIGRANT CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN EL SALVADOR
Introduction: Migrating in an irregular manner implies exposing oneself to many risks and dangers from the moment one leaves one's place of origin. Children and adolescents are a sector more susceptible to transgressions and rights violations, both on the journey and during the return process. In El Salvador, the rates of return of children and adolescents have been increasing, which means that more children are exposed to these risk situations. Objective: This article addresses return migration in children and adolescents, and exposes the violations to which they are exposed in the face of irregular migration. Method: The methodology used was bibliographic, since studies and reports on the situation of migrant children and adolescents were reviewed, as well as scientific articles and governmental pages for the analysis of statistical data. Conclusion: The social determinants of irregular migration remain the same. Economic conditions, violence and family reunification are the main ones. As of June 2022, only 32% of the Economically Active Population was contributing to the ISSS (of these, 40% are women and 60% are men). There is a gender gap in terms of access to the formal labor market, which is one of the structural problems in El Salvador that conditions the precariousness of the cost of living. On the other hand, although the security policy promoted by the government has yielded significant results in terms of the drop in homicides, the panorama of violence continues to be one of the social determinants for migration.
INTERNATIONAL TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION AND THEIR CHALLENGES FOR PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN HONDURAS
Introduction: Collegue education, in order to meet the demands of today's society, faces different trends and challenges at the international level. In this sense, it is necessary to reflect on these global trends in the context of Honduran public universities, in order to ensure the competitiveness of professionals graduated from them and to support the necessary arguments to ensure that the Honduran State meets the young people who demand their admission to the University. Method: In order to carry out this research, the bibliographic method was used to establish a theoretical framework on current trends in college education. Objective: The objective of this essay is to analyze four trends in college education: information and communication technologies (ICT) in the context of IES, government funding, teacher training and internationalization. Conclusion: The reflection is based on the lack and limitations in the execution of actions in Honduran public College Educacion Institutions (IES), where funding is austere, lacking for the development of operational tasks and teacher training marked by resistance to change expressed with previous paradigms of teaching-learning.
THE PENAL PROGRAMME OF THE CONSTITUTION. THE LIMITS THAT CRIMINAL POLICY IMPOSED BY THE SALVADORAN CONSTITUTION ON THE EXERCISE OF THE PUNITIVE POWER OF THE STATE
Introduction: It is always important to approach the role played by criminal policy in our times. But this reflection cannot be carried out outside the limits that this auxiliary discipline of criminal law imposes from the Constitution. The relationship between criminal policy and criminal law is extremely close, to the extent that criminal policy trends have an impact on the theoretical constructions made by criminal dogmatics. Objective: In this article and with special emphasis on the developments outlined by Salvadoran constitutional jurisprudence, we will study the limits that the criminal policy of a Democratic and Constitutional State of Law imposes on the exercise of punitive power, to prevent it from becoming arbitrary, despotic and unreasonable. Method: In order to study the different aspects of the topic, the qualitative method was implemented and the technique used was that of documentary information. To this end, the review of contemporary criminal doctrine, the Constitution, constitutional and criminal jurisprudence and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights demonstrate the importance of the punitive power of the State having clearly established limits. Results: From the study of the limits to the exercise of the punitive power of the State that the Criminal Policy imposes from the Constitution, it is clear that in the current times where the fashion is the “flight” to criminal law or punitive populism, respect for the rights and guarantees of the person, must be more effective than ever. It is up to academics, judges, defense lawyers, prosecutors, to be the first barrier or containment when this punitive power overflows, is exceeded and becomes the first response given by the State to the various social problems it experiences day by day in its bosom.
DISCOURSES ON MOROCCAN IMMIGRATION IN CONTEMPORARY SPANISH FICTION
Introduction; In recent decades, much importance has been given to the issue of migration, especially the so-called clandestine migration. Studies and essays have been published from different perspectives to understand these massive migratory movements, such as sociological, demographic, economic, anthropological, historical and cultural. However, they have gained greater presence and prominence in the media and in the political debate,which, to a great extent, contribute to promote worrying ideas about immigration and stereotypes of the immigrant. Objective: the aim of this research article is to analyze the discourses constructed on immigration and the Moroccan immigrant in contemporary Spanish narrative, given that the complexity and influence of the migratory phenomenon and its more general issues are powerful and intervene in the reproduction of racism and discrimination of foreigners. Method: In order to carry out this task, the eclectic method will be applied, which integrates different aspects of the synthetic methods. Under this method, the works of different authors have been documented, which in summary constitute the corpus of analysis. Conclusion: Therefore, the study explores the discourses that are constructed around the migratory theme to determine the way of living in Spain.