Origen del perfil de mutaciones presente en las secuencias de SARS-CoV-2 en El Salvador
Palabras clave:
SARS-CoV-2, D614G, NGS, 2019-nCoV, COVID-19sResumen
Introducción: en el presente trabajo se describe el perfil de mutación y se analizan los distintos mecanismos responsables de las mutaciones en las primeras 6 secuencias completas del genoma de SARS-CoV-2 a partir de muestras de pacientes salvadoreños con diagnóstico de COVID-19. Objetivo: analizar el perfil de mutaciones de acuerdo a los mecanismos que dan origen a las mutaciones presentes en SARS-CoV-2. Metodología: se realizó un análisis de los cambios en las secuencias del genoma de SARS-CoV-2 utilizando como referencia la secuencia Wuhan (NC_045512.2), una vez conocidas las mutaciones, se procedió a tabular y generar gráficos de los SNPs y los genes afectados, además se analizaron los posibles mecanismos descritos responsables de generar las mutaciones estudiadas. Resultados: el análisis reveló que las mutaciones encontradas han sido reportadas a nivel mundial, sin embargo, las secuencias presentan mayor semejanza con los cambios descritos en Norteamérica, sumado a ello, el análisis global permitió clasificarlas en el caldo GISAID GH, y linaje pangolín B.1.2 y B.1.370, ambos linajes con una alta prevalencia en EUA, lo cual refuerza la hipótesis del origen norteamericano de las secuencias salvadoreñas. El patrón de cambios del genoma de SARS-CoV-2 en El Salvador, sugiere que las mutaciones son debidas a la acción de las desaminasas APOBEC (transición C>T) y ADARs (transición A>G), al efecto de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) (transversión G>T), a errores propios del complejo replicación transcripción (RTC) que escapan a la corrección de la actividad exonucleasa de NSP14 y finalmente mutaciones como resultado de mecanismos de recombinación
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