Microestructural and ferroelectric analyses of Pb₁₋₃ₓ/₂Laₓ(Zr₀.₅₄Ti₀.₄₆)₁₋₅ᵧ/₄NbᵧO₃ soft ceramics.
Keywords:
Ferroelectric materials, Microstructure, Hysteresis, Polarization, PZT ceramicsAbstract
Microstructural and ferroelectric analyses were carried out on Pb₁₋₃ₓ/₂Laₓ(Zr₀.₅₄Ti₀.₄₆)₁₋₅ᵧ/₄NbᵧO₃ ceramics, x = y = 0.004, 0.006, 0.008 and 0.01 mol%. Using Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) and piezoelectric Hysteresis Loop (HL), ferroelectric behavior, and ferroelectric domain sizes were determined. Grain size (as determinate by SEM) and ferroelectric domain area decrease with the increase of dopant concentration from 3 μm to 1 μm and from 0.56 μm² to 0.32 μm², respectively. The maximum remnant polarization was obtained for Pb₀.₉₈₅La₀.₀₁Zr₀.₅₄Ti₀.₄₆)₀.₉₈₇₅Nb₀.₀₁O₃, showing that samples polarize easier with higher La³⁺ and Nb⁵⁺ dopant concentration. The coercive field does not show significant differences as the La and Nb content is varied. Grains tend to be single crystals as the La³⁺ and Nb⁵⁺ dopant concentration is increased.
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