Efecto de dosis crecientes de compost sobre el contenido de clorofila y crecimiento de ramas en Myrteola nummularia (Poir.)
Palabras clave:
Nativa, compost, fisiologia, antocianinaResumen
Myrteola nummularia (Poir.), conocida tradicionalmente como Myrteola, es una especie nativa de Chile reconocida por sus bayas con un alto contenido de polifenoles y propiedades antioxidantes. La fertilización orgánica en especies nativas cultivadas promueve el crecimiento y desarrollo fisiológico de la planta. Sin embargo, hay escaso conocimiento sobre el efecto de la fertilización orgánica en el desarrollo fisiológico y crecimiento de M. nummularia. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de cuatro dosis de compost (0, 5, 10 y 15 t ha-1) en parámetros f isiológicos, crecimiento y pigmentos de plantas jóvenes de Myrteola. Para ello, se estableció un huerto de Myrteola en 2022 en la Región de Ñuble, zona centro-sur de Chile. Se midieron parámetros fisiológicos, tales como: el máximo rendimiento cuántico del fotosistema II y conductancia estomática, parámetros de crecimiento como: la altura de la planta y de las ramas, e índices foliares como el contenido de clorofila, antocianinas y flavonoides. Los resultados indicaron que las plantas respondieron a la fertilización orgánica mejorando los parámetros fisiológicos, de crecimiento e índices foliares. La dosis más alta de compost (15 t ha-1), mejoró significativamente el contenido de clorofila (66%) y el largo de las ramas (32%) en comparación con el control, probablemente debido a un aumento en la disponibilidad de N y a un pH más ácido. Por lo tanto, la fertilización orgánica con dosis altas de compost (15 t ha-1) mejoró el crecimiento de Myrteola, favoreciendo un mayor verdor y largo de ramas. Esto podría potenciar la producción futura de frutos, convirtiéndose en una alternativa productiva viable.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Andrés Pinto-Poblete, Gianfranco Schio, Matias Betancur, Sergio Moraga-Bustos, Fernando Pinto-Morales, Yessica Rivas, José Leyton
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