Evaluation of Somatic Embryogenesis in salvadoran cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66778/RA.a10n29.02Keywords:
Somatic embryos, calluses, staminodes, in vitro cultureAbstract
This research was conducted between April 2018 and March 2019 at the
Biotechnology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the
University of El Salvador, located in the department of San Salvador, with
the aim of evaluating the somatic embryogenic potential of promising
native cocoa genotypes from El Salvador. The methodology used consisted
of evaluating the optimal conditions for establishing primary somatic
embryos in four genotypes and an international clone of interest to the
researchers (THS-539, CPS1-23, Red, Yellow, and Green). Two protocols,
two environmental conditions, and two types of explants were evaluated.
For the five genotypes under study, the highest values of induction to
embryogenic callus formation occurred in media containing 2,4D-TDZ
as a hormonal balance and glucose as a carbon source. Staminodes
show better callus formation, however, petals yield a greater number of
somatic embryos and better development of the same. The Kinetin-2,4 D
combination favors low-frequency somatic embryogenesis for the green
genotype. The results showed a high dependence on genotype, which
is why environmental conditions, hormonal balances, and embryogenic
frequency are different for each of the clones, with TSH-539, green
yellow, and CPS1-23 showing the best performance, and red showing
a lower response
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