Evaluation of the inclusion of food waste to the diet of Creole pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) in the initiation stage and its effect on the productive and economic parameters

Abstract

The research was carried out to evaluate the effect of adding 30% of food waste (rice, tortillas, vegetables and meat) in the diet of Creole pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) and its incidence in the productive parameters: live weight, feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion; Slaughter variables: final foot and carcass weight, carcass yield, weight, percentage of viscera, blood, head and economic parameters. The research was carried out in the Municipality of San Luis de La Reina, department of San Miguel, El Salvador. It comprised a period of nine weeks; It began in October and ended in December 2018. The food rations were prepared based on nutritional requirements established by the NRC (2008). 16 Creole pigs were used, 7 males and 9 females of approximately two months of age and a weight of 7 kg ± 3, each one representing an experimental unit. The total of animals was divided into 2 groups of 8 pigs (T0 = 5 females and 3 males; T1 = 4 females and 4 males). One group represented the control treatment with a balanced mixture and the other a recipe with the addition of food waste (T0: traditional feed based on concentrate with 0% waste; T1: Concentrate with 30% food waste). The development variables: food consumption, live weight, feed conversion and weight gain were evaluated with a Complete Random Design. The data were analyzed in the Infostat® software with a significance level less than or equal to 5% (p≤0.05). The dressing variables were analyzed descriptively, obtaining the means and standard deviation. When statistically analyzing the productive parameters, no significant differences were obtained (P≤0.05). For the variable total food consumption, the averages favor T1 (30% restaurant waste) that consumed 20.85 kg more on average than T0 (control). In the live weight variable, T1 had a mean of 18.83 k and T0 a mean of 16.68 kg, with T1 being higher with 2.15 kg more than T0. Total weight gain was also higher in T1 with an average of 12.95 kg, while T0 obtained an average of 11.53 kg. For the food conversion variable, the means favor T0, which obtained a cumulative food conversion of 4.14, while T1 achieved a value of 7.16, thus making the diet less efficient. At an economic level, the net and gross profit was obtained, both on the ground and in the channel, with a net profit on the ground for Q0 of USD $ 9.93 and for Q1 USD $ 13.58. The net gain in carcass for Q0 was USD $ 2.90 and for Q1 USD $ 6.91, which favors the treatment where food by-product was used.