Alternatives for the phytosanitary management of the cucumber crop (Cucumis sativus L.) in the area of San Luis Talpa, Department of La Paz
Keywords:
Diaphania hyalinata, Diaphania nitidalis, Frankliniella occidentalis, Orius sp., Polymerus sp., Cucumis sativus L.Abstract
The research was carried out in the Experimental and Practical Station of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, located in the canton of Tecualuya, municipality of San Luis Talpa, department of La Paz, from March to September 2017. A design was established of divided plots with factorial arrangement of 3x4, making a total of 12 treatments with three repetitions, these consisted of combinations between two organic amendments (earthworm humus and bokashi) and a chemical fertilizer and four types of insecticides (botanical, chemical, M5 and microbiological). Two weekly samplings were carried out (complete plant and yellow traps) where the variables to be measured were the incidence of insect pests and natural enemies in the phytosanitary programs, with the different types of fertilization and with the interaction between phytosanitary programs and types of fertilization. The plants treated with the chemical phytosanitary program (Imidacloprid, Spinetoram) had the lowest proportion of organs with phytophagous insects. The fertilizers that had an effect on the proportion of phytophagous insects were: earthworm humus (Frankliniella occidentalis in shoots) (X2 gl (2) = 7.919, P = 0.0190), bokashi (Frankliniella occidentalis in shoots> 5) (X2 gl (2) = 48.227, P = 3.371e-11) chemical (Diaphania hyalinata in flowers) (X2 gl (2) = 14.34, P = 0.00076) and earthworm humus (Diaphania hyalinata in shoots) X2 gl (2) = 13.86, P = 0.0009). The interactions that had an effect on the proportion of phytophagous insects were: amendment earthworm humus + chemical insecticide (Aphids in foliage) (x2 gl (8) = 44.15, P = 5.327e-07), amendment earthworm humus+ chemical insecticide (Polymerus sp. in foliage) (X2 gl (8) = 15.543, P = 0.04941), chemical fertilizer + chemical insecticide (Frankliniella occidentalis in shoots) (X2 gl (6) = 13.982, P = 0.0298) and chemical fertilizer + chemical insecticide (Frankliniella occidentalis in foliage> 5) (X2 gl (8) = 52.45, P = 1.376e-08). The use of the chemical phytosanitary program (Imidacloprid, Spinetoram) was the one that presented the lowest proportion of organs with phytophagous insects in the plantation, which shows its effectiveness in timely applications, based on the previous weekly samples
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