Identificación de serovares de Leptospira spp. en la población equina de los cantones de San Carlos Lempa, Las Mesas, y Las Anonas, municipio de Tecoluca, San Vicente, El Salvador

Abstract

The study was carried out in three rural communities which were San Carlos Lempa, Las Anonas and Las Mesas, municipality of Tecoluca, Department of San Vicente El, Salvador; on the period from February 2016 to January 2017; with the aim of identify the different serovars of Leptospira spp. which occur in the equine population. An epidemiological survey was carried out to determine the population of horses in the area, obtaining a total of 147 animals regardless of sex or age, from which 5 ml of blood was extracted from the jugular vein by venipuncture, which were transported in vacuum tubes Without anticoagulant and processed in the network of laboratories of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG), through the test of microscopic agglutination (MAT). Seven serovars are identified at dilution titers 1/100 or higher. Of the total sera sampled, 102 were positive at least to one serovars analyzed, representing a general seroprevalence of 69.39% for the sampled population. The seroprevalence obtained for each community was: San Carlos Lempa 79.59%, Las Anonas 88.89% and Las Mesas 82.05%. Meanwhile, the general seroprevalence calculated for the different serovars was as follows: L. hardjo 45.57%, L. canicola 22.44%, L. pyrogenes21.08%, L. autumnalis 19.04%, L. pomona 7.48%, L. australis 5.44% and L. bataviae 2.72%. In the three areas, no significant difference was found in the presence and distribution of serovars, with the most frequent being L. hardjo, L. canicola and L. pyrogenes, serovars associated with cattle and canines as maintenance hosts which could be the main ransmitters to equines.