Diagnóstico de mastitis subclínica y calidad microbiológica de la leche de cabra comercializada en el Centro Histórico de San Salvador

Abstract

In order to know the quality of goat's milk and determine the presence or absence of subclinical mastitis in the surroundings of the markets and plazas located in the historic center of the municipality of San Salvador; places where goat's milk is usually sold without knowing its zoosanitary situation, this study was carried out during the months of December 2016 to July 2017. The samples of milk to be studied were taken from goats of different ages, races and numbers of births; but with similar production levels between each point of sale. Therefore, it was decided to apply stratified random sampling in 6 points of sale or strata, representing 60% of the total production of the Historic Center. Each week 3 points of sale were visited, collecting 2 to 4 samples per place, before the collection, CMT tests were performed on each sample. Weekly, between 14 and 16 samples were collected, making a total of 90. The samples were collected in sterile containers and a culture was performed in the laboratory to identify causative agents; In addition, each sample was subjected to the reductase test to determine the bacteriological quality of the milk distributed. The following results were obtained: 13.33% of the animals under study have subclinical mastitis and the major causal etiologic agent of the disease is Staphylococcus spp., followed by Escherichia coli. The most relevant conclusions were that one of the causes of subclinical mastitis in the study area was the deficiency of milking hygiene and the lack of complete milking. If the levels of bacterial load in milk are very high, it can lead to illnesses due to intake to consumers and 70% of milk that is marketed in the area is category "A" according to the reductase test