Caracterización morfoagronómica de cinco variedades de maíz criollo (Zea mays) en la zona de San Luis Talpa bajo un manejo orgánico

Abstract

The research project Morphological Characterization of five varieties of maize in the Experiment Station and Practices of the College of Agricultural Sciences, University of El Salvador, located in the municipality of San Luis Talpa, department of La Paz, El Salvador, was conducted during the from August 2010 to January 2011, with the purpose of determining the morphological characteristics that have the five landraces materials: Santa Rosa, Raque, Tizate Capulin and Catracho. Visits were made to producers in the Lower Lempa with the Mangrove Association, for the collection of the five varieties, which were characterized based on the descriptors of maize CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture) and CIMMYT (Centro International Maize and Wheat), used by (Centro Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria y Forestal), CENTA. The selected plants for each variety, were pollinated manually and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Both field measurements in the laboratory as descriptive statistics, based on maximum, minimum, average, standard deviation, correlation, and coefficient of variation using the Statistical Analysys System (SAS). With the absorption curves of the main elements, identified the critical points of accumulation of N, P, K, the variety Catracho presented the better assimilation of nutrients compared to other varieties. Morfoagronómically Capulín variety was the most consistent performance for the variable with a coefficient of variation equal to 9.39%, while for the variable weight of 100 grains, and Raque Tizate varieties were the most homogeneous with coefficients of variation equal to 2.16 % and 2.74% respectively. With respect to the variable number of rows was more homogeneous variety Santa Rosa with a coefficient of variation equal to 2.76%, while the variety Catracho presented a low coefficient of variation for variable ear diameter equal to 5.27%.