Evaluación fenológica y morfo-agronómica de ocho genotipos de soya (Glycine max L.)

Abstract

The  research  was  carried  out  at  the  Experimental  and  Practical  Station  of  the  Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, municipality of San Luis Talpa, Department of La Paz from January 2016 to April 2016, located at 50 meters above sea level, with an average temperature of 33 ° C and a rainfall of 1700 mm annually, in order to evaluate the phenological and morpho-agronomic characteristics of eight soybean genotypes (Glycine max L). The genotypes studied were DENNISSON, BRS-TIANA,  NC-RALEIGH,  CL0J095-4,  N8001,  Pb1  from  the  USDA,  Illinois, United States and GUATEMALA 1, GUATEMALA 2 Germplasm Bank Collection from Guatemala. The experiment was carried out under a completely randomized block design (BCA) with five replications and eight treatments in a plot of 805 m2, divided into 40 experimental units of 9 m2, covering 2,200 plants in total, which were sprayed irrigation and of them obtaining data of 200 plants. Quantitative phenological variables were evaluated: percentage of germination, days  at  emergence,  flowering,  beginning  of  fruiting,  physiological  maturity  and harvest; we also evaluated the quantitative morphological variables: main stem length, stem diameter, number of branches, number of knots, leaf size, pod length and width, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and yield per ton.ha-1, percentage of grain purity at harvest, percentage of moisture, grain size,  grains  per  pound,  germination  test  and  at  each  stage  of  the  crop  cycle,  observing the qualitative morphological variables: growth habit, flower color, pod color, seed color, seed form, pubescence and leaf shape. For the analysis of the results we applied descriptive methods, supported by the statistical software InfoStat, performing general and mixed linear models and multivariate analysis specifically the analysis of simple correspondence at a significant level (p<005). Among the results obtained, the genotypes N8001 and CL0J095-4 presented a higher precocity on the other genotypes from the emergency to the harvest. As for  the  quantitative  morphological  characters,  it  was  found  that  the  genotype  GUATEMALA 2 is the most seed producer per plant and within the agronomic characteristics  presented  the  highest  yield  potential  with  3.7  ton/ha,  when  compared to the other genotypes under study. It was found that the genotypes are different from each other, but they have similarity between some variables, which were identified grouping through Cluster Analysis, where it was identified that the genotype with the most differences among all is GUATEMALA 2.