Characters phonological, morphological and agronomical 26 mutant lines (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in its seventh generation in search of promising genotypes yield potential, El Salvador

Abstract

The research was conducted in Los Naranjos, Cojutepeque, Cuscatlán, in the period November 2014 to February 2015. Mutations are a method of genetic improvement is seeking to obtain mutant seed irradiation and this is possible because if properly applied changes only certain aspects of the genetic characteristics of the plant. The objective was to evaluate the phenological, morphological and agronomic components promising mutant lines bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in its seventh generation in search of new genotypes. The 26 lines used come from a process in which they were subjected to gamma irradiation to create change at the molecular level, using a single variety that was ‘Sangre de Toro’ so are derived from a particular type but until this stage behaved in a different way. The factors under study were the 26 mutant lines in its seventh generation (M7) with their respective coding (M09ST01, M09ST02, M09ST03, M09ST04, M09ST05, M09ST06, M09ST07, M09ST08, M09ST09, M09ST10, M09ST11, M09ST12, M09ST13, M09ST14, M09ST15 , M09ST16, M09ST17, M09ST18, M09ST19, M09ST20, M09ST21, M09ST22, M09ST23, M09ST24, M09ST25, M09ST27 and Blood witness Toro T26). In order to study and select promising mutant lines for production potential related materials. Data were taken every week, phenological quantitative variables such as emergency days, days before flowering, days to flowering, fruiting days, days to physiological maturity and days to harvest. Quantitative morphological variables: length of main stem, number of nodes, number of branches, pods per plant, pod length and harvest unripe seeds per pod, seed size. Qualitative morphological variables: growth habit, branching type, flower color, pod color immature, mature and harvest, profile pod, seed color and shape. Quantitative agronomic variables: yield ton / ha and qualitative agronomic variables: resistance to pests and diseases. The trial was conducted under a complete block design random, four blocks and 27 treatments in four repetitions of the average of five plants had, and this due to the limitancia of genetic material; simple correspondence analysis and testing Minimum Significant Difference (DMS) with a significance level of 5% was performed. The parameters used for the variables were measured according to varietal bean descriptor (Munoz et al. 1993). Where the most representative variables were studied. The results obtained within the phenological characters, the mutant line T9 (M09ST09) was the one that presented earlier age in all variables with respect to the control and other lines as well as to the quantitative morphological characters, it was found that the T20 (M09ST20 ) showed the best results, and within agronomic characters mutant lines T20 (M09ST20) and T15 (M09ST15) had the highest potential yield with 4.71 t / ha and 3.79 t / ha respectively, compared with other lines and witness