Diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease: a key epidemiological interaction in the transition of non-communicable diseases.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66778/SI.v04n02.08Keywords:
risk factors, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitusAbstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic Kidney Disease has been recognized as one of the leading emerging non-communicable diseases globally, with a sustained increase in its burden between 1990 and 2023, according to the Global Burden of Disease study. Its relationship with diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension has positioned it as a key component in the epidemiological transition, particularly in low- and middle-income regions. THE OBJECTIVE of this study was to analyze the magnitude, distribution, and trends of chronic kidney disease, as well as its relationship with diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, integrating recent clinical evidence with an emphasis on Latin America. METHODOLOGY: A narrative and analytical review of the literature was conducted, drawing on population-based studies, Global Burden of Disease reports, meta-analyses, regional consensus statements, and international clinical practice guidelines. The collected evidence was synthesized to describe the burden of disease, major associated factors, existing diagnostic gaps, and recent therapeutic advances. RESULTS: CKD, accompanied by substantial regional disparities. A synergistic interaction was identified among diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and progressive decline in renal function, which accelerates the progression of chronic kidney disease and increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. Furthermore, a substantial degree of underdiagnosis was evidenced, attributable to the underutilization of early biomarkers of renal damage, specifically albuminuria. Although novel nephroprotective therapies capable of modifying disease progression have been introduced in recent years, their implementation in routine clinical practice remains uneven and limited. IN CONCLUSION, Chronic kidney disease represents a growing public health challenge that requires integrated and preventive strategies aimed at early detection, timely control of risk factors, and expanded access to evidence-based therapeutic interventions
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