Epstein–Barr virus genotypes 1 and 2 in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: a study in El Salvador Fecha de
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66778/LU.e02v07n04.04Keywords:
EBV genotypes 1 and 2 (EBV 1 and EBV 2), EBV nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA 3C), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), in situ hybridization (ISH)Abstract
Introduction: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is isolated in multiple hematological malignancies, including Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). EBV is classified into EBV types 1 and 2. The biological differences attributable to EBV types 1 and 2 provide the justification for classifying EBV into these two major groups, although they do not fully explain the natural diversity of EBV. Objective: To determine the EBV genotypes in paraffinembedded biopsies of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma positive for EBV infection. Materials and methods: Six paraffin-embedded biopsies of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma positive for EBV infection were studied. The detection of EBV genotypes 1 and 2 was performed by conventional PCR using primers specific for regions of the EBNA-3C gene of EBV common to genotypes 1 and 2. Results and discussion: The presence of EBV genotypes was demonstrated; one biopsy was positive for EBV-2 genotype and two biopsies were positive for EBV-1 genotype. The presence of EBV-1 and EBV-2 genotypes was determined in the analyzed biopsies by studying the EBNA-3C gene, coinciding with the circulation patterns of EBV genotypes reported in other regions of Latin America. Conclusion: These results reflect viral diversity in the local area and are relevant because they may affect the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of EBV-associated diseases. Limitations: The paraffin embedding in the biopsies likely interfered with the quantity and quality of DNA available for genotyping all the biopsies studied. Furthermore, the small number of cases and the lack of detailed clinical information on the patients’ immunological status and clinical course hinder the assessment of the relationship between EBV infection, its genotypes, and its potential clinical, pathological, therapeutic, and prognostic impact on these pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma cases. Future perspectives: These preliminary results necessitate a further phase of study involving genotyping and whole-genome analysis of EBV in a larger number of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma cases. Future work should also incorporate clinical, pathological, immunological, and marker data, as well as local epidemiological data, among others, to provide a comprehensive analysis at the local and regional levels.
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