Migration policies in America: migration and forced displacement, human rights, human security and violence

Abstract

Historically, Latin American countries have been expellers of migrants, in the 21st century there is an exponential increase due to problems that nations share, such as insecurity, poverty, inflation, unemployment, megaprojects, climate change and natural disasters; violence perpetrated by drug trafficking cartels, gangs, criminal groups and transnational organized crime; political violence caused by dictatorships such as those of Nicaragua, Venezuela and Cuba, these elements cause the forced displacement of Venezuelans, Cubans and Nicaraguans. Added to this are the contingents of migrants who occupy the American continent as a route towards the American dream and who come from other regions of the world: Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. These phenomena are presented in greater depth in the current humanitarian and human security crisis on the northern and southern borders of Mexico and the Darién jungle on the border between Panama and Colombia. Therefore, the article aims to analyze some regional migration policies in America and the actions that each country in question implements to contain the migratory flows that transit the continent and deport migrants in masse. Examines mechanisms to prevent entry. These containment policies have a militarized nuance that forces migrants to seek more dangerous routes to reach their destinations; on these long journeys, many find death. The article is the result of a qualitative investigation that articulates empirical data to theoretical-conceptual analysis, for this academic articles, reports, conventions and documents prepared by international organizations were reviewed, in such a way that the main findings are aimed at proposing that migration policies contemporary movements in America do not seek to solve the problems that cause migration and forced displacement, on the contrary, they worsen internal factors by violating migrants and violating their human rights.