The Nationalisms: Rise and Impacts on International Relations

Abstract

Identity is a component of nationalism because the human being seeks social cohesion among its members, and by forming a conglomerate of individuals these create a national feeling composed of a language, culture, traditions, symbols, among others. The birth of nationalism, in the second period of the eighteenth century, began to manifest itself through symbols and national anthems to promote the patriotism that emerged in revolutionary France; Nationalism then infected the national minorities of the time to deposit their sovereignty with a nation-state that will harbor their shared identity and protect the national values and culture that distinguishes them from the rest. Nationalism would be placed on the ideological plane and, through the different scales, will be present in the history of International Relations in different key periods and years, where nationalism had imperialist characteristics, radicals, Marxists and an identity crisis due to the phenomenon of neoliberalism from 1989 to 2020, where the new period entitled "The Resurgence of Nationalism" that, in the face of the health crisis of the COVID-19, revived the conservative and populist nationalist tendency, which exposes its disgust with globalization, multilateralism, the 2030 Agenda and democratic values, clarifying through the whole body of the article together with the final reflections on what factors have stimulated nationalism throughout history? And is nationalism a recurring factor in global military conflicts and does it tend to manifest in cycles?